Hypertension

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Hypertension is a disorder characterized by high blood pressure. Typically this includes a systolic blood pressure, which represents the pressure generated when the heart beats, that is consistently higher than 140, or diastolic blood pressure, which represents the pressure in the vessels when the heart is at rest consistently over 90.

Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart, and the size and condition of the arteries. The blood pressure is reported as the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Our blood pressure can be affected by the volume of water in the body; salt content of the body; condition of the kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels; and levels of various hormones in the body. A higher incidence of hypertension is typical for Caucasian men and African-Americans of both sexes.

"Essential" hypertension has no identifiable cause. It may have genetic factors and environmental factors, such as salt intake or others. Essential hypertension comprises over 95% of all hypertension. "Secondary" hypertension is hypertension caused by another disorder, which may include:

adrenal gland tumors
cushing's syndrome
kidney disorders
use of medications, drugs, or other chemicals
pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives
hemolytic-uremic syndrome
radiation enteritis
retroperitoneal fibrosis
Wilms' tumor
other disorders

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